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- 5q syndrome → see Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
A
- A1AT deficiency → see Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- AAA → see Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- AAT deficiency → see Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- AATD → see Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm Angiology
- abdominal dropsy → see Ascites
- abdominal fluid → see Ascites
- accessory pathway → see Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- ACD → see Anemia of chronic disease (anemia of inflammation)
- Achalasia Gastroenterology
- acid indigestion → see Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- acid reflux → see Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- acidosis → see Metabolic acidosis
- acromegalic → see Acromegaly
- Acromegaly Endocrinology & diabetes
- ACS → see Acute coronary syndrome (heart attack, STEMI/NSTEMI)
- acute aortic syndrome → see Aortic dissection
- acute arterial occlusion → see Acute limb ischemia
- acute confusion → see Delirium
- acute confusional state → see Delirium
- Acute coronary syndrome (heart attack, STEMI/NSTEMI) Cardiology
- acute hepatic failure → see Acute liver failure
- Acute interstitial nephritis Nephrology
- Acute kidney injury Nephrology
- acute leukemia → see Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- Acute limb ischemia Angiology
- Acute liver failure Liver & biliary tract
- acute lung injury → see Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Haematology & oncology
- acute lymphocytic leukemia → see Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- Acute mesenteric ischemia Angiology
- acute myelocytic leukemia → see Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- acute myelogenous leukemia → see Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Haematology & oncology
- Acute pancreatitis Gastroenterology
- Acute pericarditis Cardiology
- Acute pyelonephritis Nephrology
- acute renal failure → see Acute kidney injury
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Pulmonology
- acute tubular necrosis → see Acute kidney injury
- acute tubulointerstitial nephritis → see Acute interstitial nephritis
- Adamantiades-Behçet disease → see Behçet's disease
- ADAMTS13 deficiency → see Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- Addison-Biermer anaemia → see Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
- Addison's disease → see Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- Addisonian crisis → see Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- adenomatous polyp → see Colorectal adenomas (polyps)
- adenomatous polyposis coli → see Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- ADH deficiency → see Diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin deficiency)
- adrenal adenoma → see Adrenal incidentaloma
- adrenal crisis → see Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- adrenal hypertension → see Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
- Adrenal incidentaloma Endocrinology & diabetes
- Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) Endocrinology & diabetes
- adrenal mass → see Adrenal incidentaloma
- adrenal medullary tumour → see Pheochromocytoma
- adrenal tumour → see Adrenal incidentaloma
- adrenocortical insufficiency → see Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- adult-onset diabetes → see Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Adult-onset Still's disease Rheumatology & immunology
- adult respiratory distress syndrome → see Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- adult Still disease → see Adult-onset Still's disease
- advanced adenoma → see Colorectal adenomas (polyps)
- advanced HIV disease → see HIV infection and AIDS
- AFib → see Atrial fibrillation
- AFL → see Atrial flutter
- agnogenic myeloid metaplasia → see Primary myelofibrosis
- agranulocytosis → see Febrile neutropenia
- AGS → see Alpha-gal syndrome
- AIDS → see HIV infection and AIDS
- AIH → see Autoimmune hepatitis
- AIN → see Acute interstitial nephritis
- AIP → see Autoimmune pancreatitis
- AKI → see Acute kidney injury
- AL amyloidosis → see Cardiac amyloidosis
- Albright hereditary osteodystrophy → see Hypoparathyroidism
- alcohol-associated hepatitis → see Alcoholic hepatitis
- alcohol-related liver disease → see Alcoholic hepatitis
- Alcoholic hepatitis Liver & biliary tract
- alcoholic steatohepatitis → see Alcoholic hepatitis
- aldosterone excess → see Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
- aldosterone-producing adenoma → see Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
- ALF → see Acute liver failure
- ALI → see Acute limb ischemia
- ALI → see Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- alkalosis → see Metabolic alkalosis
- allergic asthma → see Asthma
- allergic granulomatosis → see Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)
- allergic oesophagitis → see Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) Allergology
- allergic rhinoconjunctivitis → see Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- allergic shock → see Anaphylaxis
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Pulmonology
- alpha-1 deficiency → see Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- alpha-gal allergy → see Alpha-gal syndrome
- Alpha-gal syndrome Allergology
- alpha thalassaemia → see Thalassemia
- amyloid heart disease → see Cardiac amyloidosis
- anaemia of chronic inflammation → see Anemia of chronic disease (anemia of inflammation)
- anaemia of CKD → see Renal anemia
- anaphylactic reaction → see Anaphylaxis
- anaphylactic shock → see Anaphylaxis
- anaphylactoid purpura → see IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
- Anaphylaxis Critical care & emergency medicine
- anaplastic thyroid cancer → see Thyroid cancer
- ANCA vasculitis → see Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
- ANCA vasculitis → see Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)
- Anemia (classification and work-up) Haematology & oncology
- Anemia of chronic disease (anemia of inflammation) Haematology & oncology
- anemia of chronic kidney disease → see Renal anemia
- anemia of inflammation → see Anemia of chronic disease (anemia of inflammation)
- Angiedema (bradykinin- and histamine-mediated) Allergology
- angina → see Chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary artery disease)
- angioneurotic oedema → see Angiedema (bradykinin- and histamine-mediated)
- anion gap → see Metabolic acidosis
- ankylosing spondylitis → see Axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis)
- anti-CCP → see Rheumatoid arthritis
- anti-GBM disease → see Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM disease)
- anti-glomerular basement membrane disease → see Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM disease)
- anti-Ro → see Sjögren's syndrome
- anti-U1 RNP → see Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome)
- antibiotic-associated colitis → see Clostridioides difficile infection
- anticholinergic syndrome → see Toxidromes (recognizing poisoning)
- antiphospholipid antibody syndrome → see Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Antiphospholipid syndrome Haematology & oncology
- antisynthetase syndrome → see Dermatomyositis and polymyositis
- aortic aneurysm → see Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- aortic arch syndrome → see Takayasu arteritis
- Aortic dissection Angiology
- aortic incompetence → see Aortic regurgitation
- aortic insufficiency → see Aortic regurgitation
- Aortic regurgitation Cardiology
- aortic tear → see Aortic dissection
- aortic valve calcification → see Aortic valve stenosis
- Aortic valve stenosis Cardiology
- AOSD → see Adult-onset Still's disease
- APC mutation → see Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- APC resistance → see Inherited thrombophilia (factor V Leiden)
- apical ballooning syndrome → see Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- APL → see Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- Aplastic anemia Haematology & oncology
- apple shape → see Metabolic syndrome
- APS → see Antiphospholipid syndrome
- ARF → see Rheumatic fever
- armoured heart → see Constrictive pericarditis
- arrhythmia → see Atrial fibrillation
- arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy → see Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) Cardiology
- arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia → see Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
- arterial embolism of the leg → see Acute limb ischemia
- Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure) Cardiology
- arthritis psoriatica → see Psoriatic arthritis
- ARVC → see Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
- ARVD → see Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
- asbestos fibrosis → see Asbestosis and pleural mesothelioma
- asbestos lung → see Asbestosis and pleural mesothelioma
- Asbestosis and pleural mesothelioma Pulmonology
- ascending cholangitis → see Choledocholithiasis and acute cholangitis
- Ascites Liver & biliary tract
- ascitic fluid infection → see Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
- ASD → see Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale
- ASH → see Alcoholic hepatitis
- aspiration abscess → see Lung abscess
- Asthma Pulmonology
- asthma attack → see Asthma
- asthma of the oesophagus → see Eosinophilic esophagitis
- asymptomatic bacteriuria → see Urinary tract infection and cystitis
- ATIN → see Acute interstitial nephritis
- ATP7B → see Wilson's disease
- Atrial fibrillation Cardiology
- Atrial flutter Cardiology
- Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale Cardiology
- Atrioventricular block Cardiology
- atrophic gastritis → see Gastritis (type A, B and C)
- attenuated FAP → see Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- ATTR amyloidosis → see Cardiac amyloidosis
- atypical HUS → see Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- atypical pneumonia → see Community-acquired pneumonia
- autoimmune bile duct disease → see Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
- autoimmune chronic active hepatitis → see Autoimmune hepatitis
- autoimmune diabetes → see Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- autoimmune gastritis → see Gastritis (type A, B and C)
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) Haematology & oncology
- Autoimmune hepatitis Liver & biliary tract
- autoimmune hyperthyroidism → see Graves' disease
- autoimmune liver inflammation → see Autoimmune hepatitis
- Autoimmune pancreatitis Gastroenterology
- autoimmune thrombocytopenia → see Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
- autoimmune thyroiditis → see Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) Nephrology
- AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) Cardiology
- AV nodal reentry → see AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- AVNRT → see AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- AVP deficiency → see Diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin deficiency)
- AVP resistance → see Diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin deficiency)
- AVRT → see Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- Axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis) Rheumatology & immunology
- axSpA → see Axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis)
B
- B-ALL → see Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- B-cell lymphoma → see Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- B-CLL → see Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- B12 deficiency → see Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
- bacterascites → see Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
- bacterial arthritis → see Septic arthritis
- bacterial endocarditis → see Infective endocarditis
- Bacterial meningitis Infectious diseases
- bamboo spine → see Axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis)
- Barrett metaplasia → see Barrett's esophagus
- Barrett oesophagus → see Barrett's esophagus
- Barrett's esophagus Gastroenterology
- Bartter and Gitelman syndromes Nephrology
- Bartter syndrome → see Bartter and Gitelman syndromes
- base excess → see Metabolic alkalosis
- Basedow's disease → see Graves' disease
- BCR-ABL → see Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
- Bechterew disease → see Axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis)
- bee sting allergy → see Insect venom allergy
- Behcet disease → see Behçet's disease
- Behçet's disease Rheumatology & immunology
- Behçet syndrome → see Behçet's disease
- belly fat → see Metabolic syndrome
- benign hyperbilirubinemia → see Gilbert's syndrome
- benign liver lesion → see Benign liver tumors (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma)
- Benign liver tumors (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma) Liver & biliary tract
- Berger disease → see IgA nephropathy
- beta cell tumor → see Insulinoma
- beta-lactam allergy → see Drug allergy
- beta thalassaemia → see Thalassemia
- bifascicular block → see Bundle branch block (left and right)
- bile duct cancer → see Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)
- bile duct infection → see Choledocholithiasis and acute cholangitis
- bile duct scarring → see Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
- bile duct stones → see Choledocholithiasis and acute cholangitis
- biliary colic → see Gallstones and acute cholecystitis
- biliary pancreatitis → see Acute pancreatitis
- bird fancier's lung → see Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- black tarry stool → see Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- blackout → see Syncope
- bladder infection → see Urinary tract infection and cystitis
- bleeder disease → see Hemophilia
- bleeding ulcer → see Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- blood acidity → see Metabolic acidosis
- blood cancer → see Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
- blood cancer → see Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- blood cancer → see Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
- blood cancer → see Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- blood clot in the leg → see Deep vein thrombosis
- blood clot in the lung → see Pulmonary embolism
- blood clotting tendency → see Inherited thrombophilia (factor V Leiden)
- blood in the stool → see Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
- blood poisoning → see Sepsis and septic shock
- BMI → see Obesity
- Boeck's disease → see Sarcoidosis
- Boerhaave and Mallory-Weiss syndrome Gastroenterology
- Boerhaave syndrome → see Boerhaave and Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- bone loss → see Osteoporosis
- bone marrow cancer → see Multiple myeloma
- bone marrow failure → see Aplastic anemia
- bone marrow fibrosis → see Primary myelofibrosis
- bone softening → see Osteomalacia and vitamin D deficiency
- borreliosis → see Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)
- bowel bleeding → see Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
- bowel cancer → see Colorectal cancer
- bowel infarction → see Acute mesenteric ischemia
- bowel ischaemia → see Ischemic colitis
- Bowel obstruction (ileus) Gastroenterology
- bowel polyps → see Colorectal adenomas (polyps)
- bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome → see Sick sinus syndrome
- brain fever → see Bacterial meningitis
- breakbone fever → see Dengue fever
- breathing pauses during sleep → see Obstructive sleep apnea
- brittle bones → see Osteoporosis
- broken heart syndrome → see Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- bronchial asthma → see Asthma
- bronchial carcinoma → see Lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma)
- bronchiectases → see Bronchiectasis
- Bronchiectasis Pulmonology
- bronchogenic carcinoma → see Lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma)
- bronze diabetes → see Hemochromatosis
- Brugada ECG → see Brugada syndrome
- Brugada pattern → see Brugada syndrome
- Brugada syndrome Cardiology
- Budd-Chiari syndrome Liver & biliary tract
- Buerger disease → see Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
- bulge in the abdominal aorta → see Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- bulging eyes → see Graves' disease
- bulging leg veins → see Varicose veins
- Bundle branch block (left and right) Cardiology
- bundle of Kent → see Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- Burch-Wartofsky score → see Thyroid storm
- burning feet → see Diabetic polyneuropathy
- burning urination → see Urinary tract infection and cystitis
- butterfly rash → see Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
C
- c-ANCA → see Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
- C. diff → see Clostridioides difficile infection
- C. difficile → see Clostridioides difficile infection
- C1 inhibitor deficiency → see Angiedema (bradykinin- and histamine-mediated)
- CAD → see Chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary artery disease)
- calcific aortic stenosis → see Aortic valve stenosis
- calcific pancreatitis → see Chronic pancreatitis
- calcific pericarditis → see Constrictive pericarditis
- calcium pyrophosphate arthritis → see CPPD disease (pseudogout, chondrocalcinosis)
- Campylobacter enteritis → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- cancer of the gullet → see Esophageal cancer
- cancer of the pancreas → see Pancreatic cancer
- CAP → see Community-acquired pneumonia
- caput medusae → see Esophageal varices and portal hypertension
- carcinoid → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- carcinoid tumor → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- Cardiac amyloidosis Cardiology
- cardiac arrest → see Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death
- cardiac failure → see Heart failure
- cardiac pump failure → see Cardiogenic shock
- cardiac rupture → see Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction
- Cardiogenic shock Cardiology
- cardiogenic shock → see Shock (types of shock)
- cardiospasm → see Achalasia
- carotid artery disease → see Carotid artery stenosis
- Carotid artery stenosis Angiology
- CASPAR criteria → see Psoriatic arthritis
- catecholamine-secreting tumor → see Pheochromocytoma
- CCA → see Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)
- CCS → see Chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary artery disease)
- CDI → see Clostridioides difficile infection
- Celiac disease Gastroenterology
- celiac sprue → see Celiac disease
- central diabetes insipidus → see Diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin deficiency)
- CFTR disease → see Cystic fibrosis
- channelopathy → see Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes
- channelopathy → see Brugada syndrome
- Charcot foot → see Diabetic foot syndrome
- Charcot triad → see Choledocholithiasis and acute cholangitis
- chemical gastropathy → see Gastritis (type A, B and C)
- chest infection → see Community-acquired pneumonia
- chest tightness → see Chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary artery disease)
- CHF → see Heart failure
- childhood leukemia → see Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- chloride-responsive alkalosis → see Metabolic alkalosis
- Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer) Gastroenterology
- cholecystitis → see Gallstones and acute cholecystitis
- Choledocholithiasis and acute cholangitis Gastroenterology
- cholelithiasis → see Gallstones and acute cholecystitis
- cholinergic crisis → see Toxidromes (recognizing poisoning)
- chondrocalcinosis → see CPPD disease (pseudogout, chondrocalcinosis)
- Christmas disease → see Hemophilia
- chronic bronchitis → see COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- chronic constrictive pericarditis → see Constrictive pericarditis
- Chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary artery disease) Cardiology
- chronic diarrhoea → see Microscopic colitis
- chronic granulocytic leukemia → see Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
- chronic hepatitis B → see Hepatitis B
- chronic hepatitis C → see Hepatitis C
- chronic inflammation of the pancreas → see Chronic pancreatitis
- Chronic kidney disease Nephrology
- chronic lymphatic leukemia → see Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) Haematology & oncology
- chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis → see Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- chronic myelogenous leukemia → see Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Haematology & oncology
- chronic obstructive lung disease → see COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- Chronic pancreatitis Gastroenterology
- chronic polyarthritis → see Rheumatoid arthritis
- chronic renal failure → see Chronic kidney disease
- chronic renal insufficiency → see Chronic kidney disease
- chronic spontaneous urticaria → see Urticaria (hives)
- chronic venous disease → see Chronic venous insufficiency
- Chronic venous insufficiency Angiology
- Churg-Strauss syndrome → see Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)
- circulatory failure → see Shock (types of shock)
- circulatory shock → see Shock (types of shock)
- cirrhosis → see Liver cirrhosis
- CKD → see Chronic kidney disease
- CKD-MBD → see Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- classic Hodgkin lymphoma → see Hodgkin lymphoma
- Clostridioides difficile infection Gastroenterology
- Clostridium difficile → see Clostridioides difficile infection
- clotting disorder → see Inherited thrombophilia (factor V Leiden)
- CMV → see Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV)
- coarctation of the aorta → see Secondary hypertension
- cobalamin deficiency → see Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
- coeliac disease → see Celiac disease
- cold agglutinin disease → see Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
- cold fingers → see Raynaud's phenomenon
- cold leg → see Acute limb ischemia
- cold urticaria → see Urticaria (hives)
- colitis → see Ulcerative colitis
- collagenous colitis → see Microscopic colitis
- collapsed lung → see Pneumothorax
- collapsing glomerulopathy → see Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- colon cancer → see Colorectal cancer
- colon ischaemia → see Ischemic colitis
- colon polyps → see Colorectal adenomas (polyps)
- colonic diverticula → see Diverticular disease and diverticulitis
- colonic ischaemia → see Ischemic colitis
- Colorectal adenomas (polyps) Gastroenterology
- Colorectal cancer Gastroenterology
- colorectal carcinoma → see Colorectal cancer
- column legs → see Lipedema
- columnar-lined oesophagus → see Barrett's esophagus
- common bile duct stones → see Choledocholithiasis and acute cholangitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia Pulmonology
- complement-mediated HUS → see Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- complete heart block → see Atrioventricular block
- complicated parapneumonic effusion → see Pleural empyema
- congenital haemolytic jaundice → see Hereditary spherocytosis
- congestive cardiomyopathy → see Dilated cardiomyopathy
- congestive heart failure → see Heart failure
- Conn's syndrome → see Secondary hypertension
- Conn syndrome → see Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
- connective tissue disease → see Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Constrictive pericarditis Cardiology
- consumption → see Tuberculosis
- consumption coagulopathy → see Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- consumptive coagulopathy → see Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- contraction alkalosis → see Metabolic alkalosis
- Cooley anaemia → see Thalassemia
- Coombs-positive anaemia → see Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
- COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Pulmonology
- copper storage disease → see Wilson's disease
- coronary heart disease → see Chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary artery disease)
- coronavirus → see COVID-19
- cortisol deficiency → see Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- cortisol excess → see Cushing's syndrome
- COVID-19 Infectious diseases
- cow's milk allergy → see Food allergy
- CPP crystal arthritis → see CPPD disease (pseudogout, chondrocalcinosis)
- CPPD disease (pseudogout, chondrocalcinosis) Rheumatology & immunology
- cranial arteritis → see Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
- CRC → see Colorectal cancer
- crescentic glomerulonephritis → see Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
- CREST syndrome → see Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
- Crohn disease → see Crohn's disease
- Crohn's disease Gastroenterology
- cross-allergy → see Food allergy
- crowned dens syndrome → see CPPD disease (pseudogout, chondrocalcinosis)
- crush syndrome → see Rhabdomyolysis
- CTEPH → see Pulmonary hypertension
- Cushing's disease → see Cushing's syndrome
- Cushing's syndrome Endocrinology & diabetes
- Cushing syndrome → see Cushing's syndrome
- cutaneous mastocytosis → see Systemic mastocytosis
- CVI → see Chronic venous insufficiency
- Cystic fibrosis Pulmonology
- cystic fibrosis of the pancreas → see Cystic fibrosis
- cystic kidneys → see Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
- cystitis → see Urinary tract infection and cystitis
- Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) Infectious diseases
- cytomegaly → see Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV)
D
- DADA2 → see Polyarteritis nodosa
- dairy intolerance → see Lactose intolerance
- DCM → see Dilated cardiomyopathy
- de Quervain thyroiditis → see Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain)
- decompensated cirrhosis → see Liver cirrhosis
- Deep vein thrombosis Angiology
- defibrination syndrome → see Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Dehydration Electrolytes & acid–base
- Delirium Critical care & emergency medicine
- delirium tremens → see Delirium
- delta agent → see Hepatitis D and hepatitis E
- delta hepatitis → see Hepatitis D and hepatitis E
- delta wave → see Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- Dengue fever Infectious diseases
- dengue hemorrhagic fever → see Dengue fever
- dengue virus → see Dengue fever
- dermatographism → see Urticaria (hives)
- Dermatomyositis and polymyositis Rheumatology & immunology
- DFU → see Diabetic foot syndrome
- diabetes → see Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin deficiency) Endocrinology & diabetes
- diabetic coma → see Diabetic ketoacidosis
- diabetic coma → see Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- diabetic eye disease → see Diabetic retinopathy
- Diabetic foot syndrome Endocrinology & diabetes
- diabetic foot ulcer → see Diabetic foot syndrome
- diabetic glomerulosclerosis → see Diabetic kidney disease
- Diabetic ketoacidosis Endocrinology & diabetes
- Diabetic kidney disease Nephrology
- diabetic macular edema → see Diabetic retinopathy
- diabetic maculopathy → see Diabetic retinopathy
- diabetic neuropathy → see Diabetic polyneuropathy
- Diabetic polyneuropathy Endocrinology & diabetes
- Diabetic retinopathy Endocrinology & diabetes
- diaphragmatic hernia → see Hiatus hernia
- diffuse parenchymal lung disease → see Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease
- DIHS → see DRESS syndrome
- dilated airways → see Bronchiectasis
- Dilated cardiomyopathy Cardiology
- DILI → see Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
- dilutional hyponatraemia → see Hyponatremia
- discitis → see Spondylodiscitis
- dissecting aneurysm → see Aortic dissection
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Haematology & oncology
- disseminated intravascular coagulopathy → see Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- distal RTA → see Renal tubular acidosis
- diverticular bleeding → see Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
- diverticular bleeding → see Diverticular disease and diverticulitis
- Diverticular disease and diverticulitis Gastroenterology
- diverticulosis → see Diverticular disease and diverticulitis
- DKA → see Diabetic ketoacidosis
- DKD → see Diabetic kidney disease
- DLBCL → see Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- drepanocytosis → see Sickle cell disease
- DRESS syndrome Allergology
- Dressler syndrome (post-myocardial infarction syndrome) Cardiology
- Drug allergy Allergology
- drug hepatitis → see Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
- drug hypersensitivity → see Drug allergy
- drug-induced hepatitis → see Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
- drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome → see DRESS syndrome
- drug-induced interstitial nephritis → see Acute interstitial nephritis
- Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) Liver & biliary tract
- drug rash → see Drug allergy
- drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms → see DRESS syndrome
- dry eyes and dry mouth → see Sjögren's syndrome
- DSPN → see Diabetic polyneuropathy
- duodenal ulcer → see Peptic ulcer disease
- dust lung → see Silicosis
- DVT → see Deep vein thrombosis
E
- EBV infection → see Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
- ectopic ACTH syndrome → see Cushing's syndrome
- ectopic hormone production → see Paraneoplastic syndromes
- edematous pancreatitis → see Acute pancreatitis
- egg allergy → see Food allergy
- EGPA → see Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)
- elephantiasis → see Lymphedema
- emphysema → see COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- empyema → see Pleural empyema
- EMZL → see MALT lymphoma
- end-stage liver disease → see Liver cirrhosis
- endemic goitre → see Goiter and thyroid nodules
- endocarditis → see Infective endocarditis
- endocrine hypertension → see Secondary hypertension
- enlarged heart → see Dilated cardiomyopathy
- EoE → see Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Eosinophilic esophagitis Gastroenterology
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) Rheumatology & immunology
- eosinophilic vasculitis → see Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)
- epidermal necrolysis → see Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Epstein-Barr virus → see Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
- erythema migrans → see Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)
- erythropoietin deficiency → see Renal anemia
- esophageal achalasia → see Achalasia
- Esophageal cancer Gastroenterology
- esophageal rupture → see Boerhaave and Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- Esophageal varices and portal hypertension Liver & biliary tract
- essential hypertension → see Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Essential thrombocythemia Haematology & oncology
- essential thrombocytosis → see Essential thrombocythemia
- excess body fat → see Obesity
- exocrine pancreatic insufficiency → see Chronic pancreatitis
- extracapillary glomerulonephritis → see Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
- extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma → see Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)
- extranodal marginal zone lymphoma → see MALT lymphoma
- extravascular haemolysis → see Hemolytic anemias
- extrinsic allergic alveolitis → see Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- exudate → see Pleural effusion
- eye inflammation → see Uveitis in rheumatic diseases
F
- factor IX deficiency → see Hemophilia
- factor VIII deficiency → see Hemophilia
- faint → see Syncope
- fainting → see Syncope
- falciparum malaria → see Malaria
- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) Gastroenterology
- familial hypercholesterolemia → see Hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia
- FAP → see Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- farmer's lung → see Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- fascicular block → see Bundle branch block (left and right)
- fatty liver → see Steatotic liver disease (fatty liver, MASLD)
- favism → see Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (favism)
- Febrile neutropenia Haematology & oncology
- fever in neutropenia → see Febrile neutropenia
- Fever of unknown origin Infectious diseases
- fibromuscular dysplasia → see Renal artery stenosis
- fixed drug eruption → see Drug allergy
- flapping tremor → see Hepatic encephalopathy
- flu → see Influenza (flu)
- fluid around the heart → see Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
- fluid deficit → see Dehydration
- fluid in the abdomen → see Ascites
- fluid on the lung → see Pleural effusion
- flushing syndrome → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- FNH → see Benign liver tumors (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma)
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) Nephrology
- Folate deficiency Haematology & oncology
- folate deficiency anaemia → see Folate deficiency
- folic acid deficiency → see Folate deficiency
- follicular lymphoma → see Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- follicular thyroid cancer → see Thyroid cancer
- Food allergy Allergology
- food impaction → see Eosinophilic esophagitis
- food poisoning → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- foot ulcer → see Diabetic foot syndrome
- fragility fracture → see Osteoporosis
- free wall rupture → see Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction
- FSGS → see Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- fulminant hepatic failure → see Acute liver failure
- fulminant liver failure → see Acute liver failure
- functional bowel disorder → see Irritable bowel syndrome
- functional iron deficiency → see Anemia of chronic disease (anemia of inflammation)
- FUO → see Fever of unknown origin
- FVL → see Inherited thrombophilia (factor V Leiden)
G
- G6PD deficiency → see Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (favism)
- G6PDH deficiency → see Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (favism)
- galactorrhea → see Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma
- gallbladder inflammation → see Gallstones and acute cholecystitis
- gallstone disease → see Gallstones and acute cholecystitis
- gallstone pancreatitis → see Acute pancreatitis
- Gallstones and acute cholecystitis Gastroenterology
- Gardner syndrome → see Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- gastric adenocarcinoma → see Gastric cancer
- Gastric cancer Gastroenterology
- gastric carcinoma → see Gastric cancer
- gastric lymphoma → see MALT lymphoma
- gastric ulcer → see Peptic ulcer disease
- gastric varices → see Esophageal varices and portal hypertension
- gastrinoma → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- Gastritis (type A, B and C) Gastroenterology
- Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) Gastroenterology
- GCA → see Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
- GERD → see Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- GH-secreting pituitary adenoma → see Acromegaly
- Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) Rheumatology & immunology
- giant cell thyroiditis → see Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain)
- gigantism → see Acromegaly
- Gilbert disease → see Gilbert's syndrome
- Gilbert's syndrome Liver & biliary tract
- Gilbert syndrome → see Gilbert's syndrome
- Gitelman syndrome → see Bartter and Gitelman syndromes
- glandular fever → see Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
- glomerulonephritis → see Nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase defect → see Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (favism)
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (favism) Haematology & oncology
- gluten intolerance → see Celiac disease
- gluten-sensitive enteropathy → see Celiac disease
- Goiter and thyroid nodules Endocrinology & diabetes
- gonococcal arthritis → see Septic arthritis
- Goodpasture disease → see Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM disease)
- Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM disease) Nephrology
- GORD → see Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Gout Rheumatology & immunology
- gout flare → see Gout
- gouty arthritis → see Gout
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) Rheumatology & immunology
- Graves' disease Endocrinology & diabetes
- Graves' ophthalmopathy → see Graves' disease
- growth hormone excess → see Acromegaly
H
- H. pylori → see Helicobacter pylori infection
- HAE → see Angiedema (bradykinin- and histamine-mediated)
- haematemesis → see Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- haematochezia → see Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
- haemolysis → see Hemolytic anemias
- haemopericardium → see Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
- haemophilia A → see Hemophilia
- haemophilia B → see Hemophilia
- halo sign → see Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
- Hantavirus infection (nephropathia epidemica) Nephrology
- HAP → see Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP/VAP)
- Hashimoto disease → see Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Hashimoto's disease → see Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis Endocrinology & diabetes
- HAV → see Hepatitis A
- hay fever → see Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- HBP → see Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)
- HBsAg carrier → see Hepatitis B
- HbSS disease → see Sickle cell disease
- HBV → see Hepatitis B
- HCC → see Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- HCM → see Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- HCV → see Hepatitis C
- HDV → see Hepatitis D and hepatitis E
- heart attack → see Acute coronary syndrome (heart attack, STEMI/NSTEMI)
- heart block → see Atrioventricular block
- Heart failure Cardiology
- heart flutter → see Atrial fibrillation
- heart pump failure → see Cardiogenic shock
- heart valve infection → see Infective endocarditis
- heart weakness → see Heart failure
- heartburn → see Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- heavy proteinuria → see Nephrotic syndrome
- Heerfordt syndrome → see Sarcoidosis
- Helicobacter pylori infection Gastroenterology
- hemiblock → see Bundle branch block (left and right)
- Hemochromatosis Liver & biliary tract
- hemolytic anemia → see Hemolytic anemias
- Hemolytic anemias Haematology & oncology
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) Haematology & oncology
- Hemophilia Haematology & oncology
- hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome → see Hantavirus infection (nephropathia epidemica)
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura → see IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
- hep A → see Hepatitis A
- hep B → see Hepatitis B
- hep C → see Hepatitis C
- hep D → see Hepatitis D and hepatitis E
- hep E → see Hepatitis D and hepatitis E
- heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis → see Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) Haematology & oncology
- hepatic adenoma → see Benign liver tumors (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma)
- hepatic cirrhosis → see Liver cirrhosis
- hepatic coma → see Hepatic encephalopathy
- Hepatic encephalopathy Liver & biliary tract
- hepatic hemangioma → see Benign liver tumors (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma)
- hepatic steatosis → see Steatotic liver disease (fatty liver, MASLD)
- hepatic vein thrombosis → see Budd-Chiari syndrome
- hepatic venous outflow obstruction → see Budd-Chiari syndrome
- Hepatitis A Liver & biliary tract
- Hepatitis B Liver & biliary tract
- Hepatitis C Liver & biliary tract
- Hepatitis D and hepatitis E Liver & biliary tract
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Liver & biliary tract
- hepatolenticular degeneration → see Wilson's disease
- hepatoma → see Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Hepatorenal syndrome Liver & biliary tract
- hepatotoxicity → see Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
- hereditary angioedema → see Angiedema (bradykinin- and histamine-mediated)
- hereditary colon cancer → see Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
- hereditary emphysema → see Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer → see Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
- Hereditary spherocytosis Haematology & oncology
- herpes encephalitis → see Herpes simplex encephalitis
- Herpes simplex encephalitis Infectious diseases
- Herpes zoster (shingles) Infectious diseases
- HEV → see Hepatitis D and hepatitis E
- HFE hemochromatosis → see Hemochromatosis
- HFmrEF → see Heart failure
- HFpEF → see Heart failure
- HFrEF → see Heart failure
- HFRS → see Hantavirus infection (nephropathia epidemica)
- HHNK → see Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- HHS → see Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- HHV-5 → see Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV)
- hiatal hernia → see Hiatus hernia
- Hiatus hernia Gastroenterology
- high blood calcium → see Hypercalcemia
- high blood potassium → see Hyperkalemia
- high blood pressure → see Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)
- high blood pressure in the lungs → see Pulmonary hypertension
- high blood sodium → see Hypernatremia
- high blood sugar → see Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- high blood sugar emergency → see Diabetic ketoacidosis
- high calcium → see Hypercalcemia
- high cholesterol → see Hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia
- high potassium → see Hyperkalemia
- high sodium → see Hypernatremia
- high TSH → see Hypothyroidism
- HIT type II → see Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- HITT → see Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- HIV-associated nephropathy → see Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- HIV infection and AIDS Infectious diseases
- hives → see Urticaria (hives)
- HLA-B27 uveitis → see Uveitis in rheumatic diseases
- HNPCC → see Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
- HOCM → see Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Hodgkin disease → see Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hodgkin lymphoma Haematology & oncology
- Hodgkin's lymphoma → see Hodgkin lymphoma
- hole in the heart → see Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale
- Horton disease → see Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP/VAP) Pulmonology
- hospital pneumonia → see Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP/VAP)
- hot nodule → see Hyperthyroidism
- house dust mite allergy → see Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- HP infection → see Helicobacter pylori infection
- HRS → see Hepatorenal syndrome
- HRS-AKI → see Hepatorenal syndrome
- HSE → see Herpes simplex encephalitis
- HSP → see IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
- HSV encephalitis → see Herpes simplex encephalitis
- Hughes syndrome → see Antiphospholipid syndrome
- human herpesvirus 5 → see Cytomegalovirus infection (CMV)
- humidifier lung → see Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Hy's law → see Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
- hydrothorax → see Pleural effusion
- hymenoptera venom allergy → see Insect venom allergy
- hyperaldosteronism → see Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
- hypercalcaemia of malignancy → see Hypercalcemia
- Hypercalcemia Electrolytes & acid–base
- hyperchloraemic acidosis → see Metabolic acidosis
- hyperchloremic acidosis → see Renal tubular acidosis
- Hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia Cardiology
- hypercoagulability → see Inherited thrombophilia (factor V Leiden)
- hypercortisolism → see Cushing's syndrome
- Hyperkalemia Electrolytes & acid–base
- hyperlipidaemia → see Hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia
- Hypernatremia Electrolytes & acid–base
- hyperosmolar coma → see Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Endocrinology & diabetes
- hyperparathyroidism → see Hypercalcemia
- hyperparathyroidism → see Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma Endocrinology & diabetes
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Pulmonology
- hypertensive crisis → see Hypertensive emergency and hypertensive crisis
- Hypertensive emergency and hypertensive crisis Cardiology
- hypertensive encephalopathy → see Hypertensive emergency and hypertensive crisis
- hypertensive urgency → see Hypertensive emergency and hypertensive crisis
- Hyperthyroidism Endocrinology & diabetes
- hypertonic dehydration → see Hypernatremia
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Cardiology
- hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy → see Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- hyperuricemia → see Gout
- hypo → see Hypoglycemia
- hypoadrenalism → see Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
- Hypocalcemia Electrolytes & acid–base
- Hypoglycemia Endocrinology & diabetes
- hypoglycemia unawareness → see Hypoglycemia
- Hypokalemia Electrolytes & acid–base
- hypokalemic alkalosis → see Bartter and Gitelman syndromes
- hypolactasia → see Lactose intolerance
- Hypomagnesemia Electrolytes & acid–base
- Hyponatremia Electrolytes & acid–base
- hypoparathyroidism → see Hypocalcemia
- Hypoparathyroidism Endocrinology & diabetes
- Hypopituitarism Endocrinology & diabetes
- hypothyroid coma → see Myxedema coma
- Hypothyroidism Endocrinology & diabetes
- hypovitaminosis D → see Osteomalacia and vitamin D deficiency
- hypovolaemia → see Dehydration
- hypovolaemic shock → see Shock (types of shock)
I
- IBD → see Crohn's disease
- IBD → see Ulcerative colitis
- IBS → see Irritable bowel syndrome
- ICA stenosis → see Carotid artery stenosis
- idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis → see Autoimmune pancreatitis
- idiopathic myelofibrosis → see Primary myelofibrosis
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease Pulmonology
- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura → see Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
- IgA glomerulonephritis → see IgA nephropathy
- IgA nephropathy Nephrology
- IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) Rheumatology & immunology
- IgAN → see IgA nephropathy
- IgAV → see IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
- IgG4-related disease → see Autoimmune pancreatitis
- IgG4-related pancreatitis → see Autoimmune pancreatitis
- IgM gammopathy → see Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- ILD → see Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease
- Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) Haematology & oncology
- immune thrombocytopenic purpura → see Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
- inappropriate ADH secretion → see SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)
- inappropriate antidiuretic hormone → see SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)
- incidental adrenal lesion → see Adrenal incidentaloma
- incidentaloma → see Adrenal incidentaloma
- inclusion body myositis → see Dermatomyositis and polymyositis
- infected ascites → see Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
- infectious arthritis → see Septic arthritis
- infectious diarrhea → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea Gastroenterology
- infectious hepatitis → see Hepatitis A
- Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) Infectious diseases
- Infective endocarditis Cardiology
- inflammation of the heart muscle → see Myocarditis
- inflammation of the heart sac → see Acute pericarditis
- inflammation of the pancreas → see Acute pancreatitis
- inflammation of the stomach lining → see Gastritis (type A, B and C)
- inflammatory arthritis → see Rheumatoid arthritis
- inflammatory back pain → see Axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis)
- inflammatory bowel disease → see Crohn's disease
- inflammatory bowel disease → see Ulcerative colitis
- inflammatory cardiomyopathy → see Myocarditis
- influenza A → see Influenza (flu)
- influenza B → see Influenza (flu)
- Influenza (flu) Infectious diseases
- inherited bleeding disorder → see Von Willebrand disease
- Inherited thrombophilia (factor V Leiden) Angiology
- insect sting allergy → see Insect venom allergy
- Insect venom allergy Allergology
- insulin-dependent diabetes → see Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- insulin resistance → see Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- insulin resistance syndrome → see Metabolic syndrome
- insulinoma → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- Insulinoma Endocrinology & diabetes
- interatrial septal defect → see Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale
- intermittent claudication → see Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
- internal carotid artery stenosis → see Carotid artery stenosis
- interstitial nephritis → see Acute interstitial nephritis
- intestinal ischaemia → see Acute mesenteric ischemia
- intestinal obstruction → see Bowel obstruction (ileus)
- intoxication → see Toxidromes (recognizing poisoning)
- intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma → see Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)
- intravascular haemolysis → see Hemolytic anemias
- intraventricular conduction delay → see Bundle branch block (left and right)
- IPF → see Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease
- iridocyclitis → see Uveitis in rheumatic diseases
- iritis → see Uveitis in rheumatic diseases
- Iron deficiency anemia Haematology & oncology
- iron overload disease → see Hemochromatosis
- iron storage disease → see Hemochromatosis
- irregular heartbeat → see Atrial fibrillation
- Irritable bowel syndrome Gastroenterology
- irritable colon → see Irritable bowel syndrome
- ischaemic colopathy → see Ischemic colitis
- Ischemic colitis Gastroenterology
- ischemic heart disease → see Chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary artery disease)
- islet cell tumor → see Insulinoma
- isolated systolic hypertension → see Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)
- iTTP → see Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
J
- jaundice → see Hepatitis A
- joint infection → see Septic arthritis
- juvenile diabetes → see Type 1 diabetes mellitus
K
- Kahler disease → see Multiple myeloma
- Kayser-Fleischer ring → see Wilson's disease
- ketoacidosis → see Metabolic acidosis
- ketoacidosis → see Diabetic ketoacidosis
- ketoacidotic coma → see Diabetic ketoacidosis
- kidney failure → see Acute kidney injury
- kidney failure → see Chronic kidney disease
- kidney failure in cirrhosis → see Hepatorenal syndrome
- kidney infection → see Acute pyelonephritis
- kidney inflammation → see Nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis
- kidney involvement in lupus → see Lupus nephritis
- Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) Nephrology
- Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease → see Diabetic kidney disease
- kissing disease → see Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
- KIT D816V → see Systemic mastocytosis
- Klatskin tumor → see Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)
- Kussmaul disease → see Polyarteritis nodosa
L
- lactase deficiency → see Lactose intolerance
- lactase non-persistence → see Lactose intolerance
- lactic acidosis → see Metabolic acidosis
- Lactose intolerance Gastroenterology
- lactose malabsorption → see Lactose intolerance
- LADA → see Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Lambert-Eaton syndrome → see Paraneoplastic syndromes
- large bowel obstruction → see Bowel obstruction (ileus)
- large-vessel vasculitis → see Takayasu arteritis
- latent tuberculosis → see Tuberculosis
- LBBB → see Bundle branch block (left and right)
- LBO → see Bowel obstruction (ileus)
- leaky aortic valve → see Aortic regurgitation
- leaky mitral valve → see Mitral regurgitation
- left bundle branch block → see Bundle branch block (left and right)
- left heart failure → see Heart failure
- left-sided appendicitis → see Diverticular disease and diverticulitis
- leg vein thrombosis → see Deep vein thrombosis
- Legionella → see Legionnaires' disease
- Legionella pneumonia → see Legionnaires' disease
- legionellosis → see Legionnaires' disease
- Legionnaires' disease Pulmonology
- LGIB → see Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
- linitis plastica → see Gastric cancer
- Lipedema Angiology
- lipid disorder → see Hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia
- lipoedema of the legs → see Lipedema
- lipoid nephrosis → see Minimal change disease
- liver adenoma → see Benign liver tumors (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma)
- liver cancer → see Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- liver cell carcinoma → see Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Liver cirrhosis Liver & biliary tract
- liver haemangioma → see Benign liver tumors (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma)
- liver-related confusion → see Hepatic encephalopathy
- liver-related kidney failure → see Hepatorenal syndrome
- Löfgren syndrome → see Sarcoidosis
- long COVID → see COVID-19
- Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes Cardiology
- Looser zones → see Osteomalacia and vitamin D deficiency
- low blood calcium → see Hypocalcemia
- low blood count → see Anemia (classification and work-up)
- low blood potassium → see Hypokalemia
- low blood sodium → see Hyponatremia
- low blood sugar → see Hypoglycemia
- low calcium → see Hypocalcemia
- low ferritin → see Iron deficiency anemia
- low haemoglobin → see Anemia (classification and work-up)
- low hemoglobin → see Anemia (classification and work-up)
- low iron → see Iron deficiency anemia
- low magnesium → see Hypomagnesemia
- low-output state → see Cardiogenic shock
- low platelets → see Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
- low potassium → see Hypokalemia
- low sodium → see Hyponatremia
- low thyroid → see Hypothyroidism
- Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Gastroenterology
- lower GI bleed → see Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
- LQTS → see Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes
- LTBI → see Tuberculosis
- Lung abscess Pulmonology
- Lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma) Pulmonology
- lung cavity infection → see Lung abscess
- lung collapse → see Pneumothorax
- lung embolism → see Pulmonary embolism
- lung infection → see Community-acquired pneumonia
- lung scarring → see Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease
- lupoid hepatitis → see Autoimmune hepatitis
- lupus → see Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- lupus anticoagulant syndrome → see Antiphospholipid syndrome
- lupus erythematosus → see Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- lupus glomerulonephritis → see Lupus nephritis
- Lupus nephritis Nephrology
- lupus nephritis → see Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Lyell syndrome → see Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
- Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) Infectious diseases
- lymph node cancer → see Hodgkin lymphoma
- lymph node cancer → see Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- lymphatic oedema → see Lymphedema
- Lymphedema Angiology
- lymphocytic colitis → see Microscopic colitis
- lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma → see Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis → see Autoimmune pancreatitis
- Lynch syndrome (HNPCC) Gastroenterology
M
- M-spike → see Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
- macrocytic anaemia → see Anemia (classification and work-up)
- macroglobulinemia → see Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- magnesium deficiency → see Hypomagnesemia
- Malaria Infectious diseases
- malignant hypertension → see Hypertensive emergency and hypertensive crisis
- malignant lymphoma → see Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome → see Boerhaave and Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- Mallory-Weiss tear → see Boerhaave and Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- MALT lymphoma Haematology & oncology
- MALToma → see MALT lymphoma
- malum perforans → see Diabetic foot syndrome
- mammalian meat allergy → see Alpha-gal syndrome
- mantle cell lymphoma → see Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome → see Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- marginal zone lymphoma → see MALT lymphoma
- marrow aplasia → see Aplastic anemia
- marsh fever → see Malaria
- MASH → see Steatotic liver disease (fatty liver, MASLD)
- masked hypertension → see Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)
- mast cell activation syndrome → see Systemic mastocytosis
- mast cell disease → see Systemic mastocytosis
- MCAS → see Systemic mastocytosis
- MCD → see Minimal change disease
- MCTD → see Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome)
- Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction Cardiology
- medication allergy → see Drug allergy
- Mediterranean anaemia → see Thalassemia
- medullary thyroid cancer → see Thyroid cancer
- megaloblastic anaemia → see Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
- megaloblastic anaemia → see Folate deficiency
- megaoesophagus → see Achalasia
- melaena → see Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- membranous glomerulonephritis → see Membranous nephropathy
- Membranous nephropathy Nephrology
- MEN → see Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 1 and MEN 2)
- MEN1 → see Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 1 and MEN 2)
- MEN2 → see Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 1 and MEN 2)
- meningococcal meningitis → see Bacterial meningitis
- mesenteric artery occlusion → see Acute mesenteric ischemia
- mesenteric infarction → see Acute mesenteric ischemia
- mesothelioma → see Asbestosis and pleural mesothelioma
- Metabolic acidosis Electrolytes & acid–base
- Metabolic alkalosis Electrolytes & acid–base
- Metabolic syndrome Endocrinology & diabetes
- metabolic syndrome X → see Metabolic syndrome
- MetALD → see Steatotic liver disease (fatty liver, MASLD)
- MetS → see Metabolic syndrome
- Meulengracht disease → see Gilbert's syndrome
- MGN → see Membranous nephropathy
- microcytic anaemia → see Anemia (classification and work-up)
- microsatellite instability → see Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
- Microscopic colitis Gastroenterology
- Microscopic polyangiitis Rheumatology & immunology
- microscopic polyarteritis → see Microscopic polyangiitis
- mild jaundice → see Gilbert's syndrome
- milk intolerance → see Lactose intolerance
- Milroy disease → see Lymphedema
- Minimal change disease Nephrology
- minimal change nephropathy → see Minimal change disease
- minimal hepatic encephalopathy → see Hepatic encephalopathy
- Minkowski-Chauffard disease → see Hereditary spherocytosis
- mismatch repair deficiency → see Lynch syndrome (HNPCC)
- mitral insufficiency → see Mitral regurgitation
- Mitral regurgitation Cardiology
- Mitral stenosis Cardiology
- mitral valve prolapse → see Mitral regurgitation
- Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome) Rheumatology & immunology
- Mobitz block → see Atrioventricular block
- Mobitz type I → see Atrioventricular block
- Mobitz type II → see Atrioventricular block
- mono → see Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) Haematology & oncology
- moon face → see Cushing's syndrome
- morbid obesity → see Obesity
- Moschcowitz syndrome → see Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- MPA → see Microscopic polyangiitis
- MPO-ANCA → see Microscopic polyangiitis
- mucoviscidosis → see Cystic fibrosis
- multinodular goiter → see Goiter and thyroid nodules
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 1 and MEN 2) Endocrinology & diabetes
- multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 → see Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 1 and MEN 2)
- Multiple myeloma Haematology & oncology
- muscle breakdown → see Rhabdomyolysis
- muscle inflammation → see Dermatomyositis and polymyositis
- myelodysplasia → see Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
- myelodysplastic neoplasm → see Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
- Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) Haematology & oncology
- myelofibrosis → see Primary myelofibrosis
- myeloma → see Multiple myeloma
- myeloproliferative neoplasm → see Polycythemia vera
- myeloproliferative neoplasm → see Essential thrombocythemia
- myocardial infarction → see Acute coronary syndrome (heart attack, STEMI/NSTEMI)
- Myocarditis Cardiology
- myoglobinuria → see Rhabdomyolysis
- myopericarditis → see Myocarditis
- myopericarditis → see Acute pericarditis
- myositis → see Dermatomyositis and polymyositis
- myxedema → see Hypothyroidism
- Myxedema coma Endocrinology & diabetes
- myxedema crisis → see Myxedema coma
- myxoedema coma → see Myxedema coma
N
- NAFLD → see Steatotic liver disease (fatty liver, MASLD)
- narrowed heart valve → see Aortic valve stenosis
- narrowed mitral valve → see Mitral stenosis
- narrowing of the carotid artery → see Carotid artery stenosis
- NASH → see Steatotic liver disease (fatty liver, MASLD)
- NEC → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- necrotizing pancreatitis → see Acute pancreatitis
- NEN → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- Nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis Nephrology
- nephrogenic diabetes insipidus → see Diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin deficiency)
- nephropathia epidemica → see Hantavirus infection (nephropathia epidemica)
- nephrosis → see Nephrotic syndrome
- Nephrotic syndrome Nephrology
- nerve damage from diabetes → see Diabetic polyneuropathy
- nervous stomach → see Irritable bowel syndrome
- NET → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- nettle rash → see Urticaria (hives)
- neuroborreliosis → see Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)
- Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome Gastroenterology
- neutropenic fever → see Febrile neutropenia
- neutropenic sepsis → see Febrile neutropenia
- NHL → see Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
- nil disease → see Minimal change disease
- nocturnal haemoglobinuria → see Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- nodular goitre → see Goiter and thyroid nodules
- NOMI → see Acute mesenteric ischemia
- non-A non-B hepatitis → see Hepatitis C
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease → see Steatotic liver disease (fatty liver, MASLD)
- non-CF bronchiectasis → see Bronchiectasis
- Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Haematology & oncology
- non-small cell lung cancer → see Lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma)
- non-tropical sprue → see Celiac disease
- nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome → see Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- nonsustained VT → see Ventricular tachycardia
- norovirus → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- nosocomial pneumonia → see Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP/VAP)
- NPDR → see Diabetic retinopathy
- NSCLC → see Lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma)
- NSTEMI → see Acute coronary syndrome (heart attack, STEMI/NSTEMI)
- numb feet → see Diabetic polyneuropathy
- nutritional recovery syndrome → see Refeeding syndrome
O
- Obesity Endocrinology & diabetes
- obliterative hepatocavopathy → see Budd-Chiari syndrome
- obstructive jaundice → see Choledocholithiasis and acute cholangitis
- Obstructive sleep apnea Pulmonology
- oesophageal achalasia → see Achalasia
- oesophageal adenocarcinoma → see Esophageal cancer
- oesophageal carcinoma → see Esophageal cancer
- oesophageal rupture → see Boerhaave and Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma → see Esophageal cancer
- oral allergy syndrome → see Food allergy
- oral aphthae → see Behçet's disease
- OSA → see Obstructive sleep apnea
- OSAS → see Obstructive sleep apnea
- Osteomalacia and vitamin D deficiency Endocrinology & diabetes
- osteopenia → see Osteoporosis
- Osteoporosis Endocrinology & diabetes
- ostium secundum defect → see Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale
- overactive parathyroid → see Primary hyperparathyroidism
- overactive thyroid → see Hyperthyroidism
- overdose → see Toxidromes (recognizing poisoning)
- overlap syndrome → see Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome)
- overweight → see Obesity
P
- p-ANCA vasculitis → see Microscopic polyangiitis
- PAD → see Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
- PAH → see Pulmonary hypertension
- painful fat syndrome → see Lipedema
- painful thyroiditis → see Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain)
- palpitations → see AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- PAN → see Polyarteritis nodosa
- pancolitis → see Ulcerative colitis
- pancreatic adenocarcinoma → see Pancreatic cancer
- Pancreatic cancer Gastroenterology
- pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma → see Pancreatic cancer
- pancreatic head cancer → see Pancreatic cancer
- pancreatic insufficiency → see Chronic pancreatitis
- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor → see Insulinoma
- panhypopituitarism → see Hypopituitarism
- panmyelopathy → see Aplastic anemia
- panuveitis → see Uveitis in rheumatic diseases
- PAOD → see Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
- papillary muscle rupture → see Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction
- papillary thyroid cancer → see Thyroid cancer
- para-oesophageal hernia → see Hiatus hernia
- paraganglioma → see Pheochromocytoma
- paralytic ileus → see Bowel obstruction (ileus)
- paraneoplasia → see Paraneoplastic syndromes
- paraneoplastic syndrome → see Paraneoplastic syndromes
- Paraneoplastic syndromes Haematology & oncology
- paraprotein → see Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
- paraproteinemia → see Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
- parathyroid adenoma → see Primary hyperparathyroidism
- parathyroid hormone deficiency → see Hypoparathyroidism
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) Haematology & oncology
- paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia → see AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- passing out → see Syncope
- PBC → see Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
- PDAC → see Pancreatic cancer
- PDR → see Diabetic retinopathy
- peanut allergy → see Food allergy
- Peptic ulcer disease Gastroenterology
- periarteritis nodosa → see Polyarteritis nodosa
- pericardial constriction → see Constrictive pericarditis
- Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade Cardiology
- pericardial tamponade → see Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
- pericarditis → see Acute pericarditis
- pericarditis after heart attack → see Dressler syndrome (post-myocardial infarction syndrome)
- perihilar cholangiocarcinoma → see Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancer)
- perimyocarditis → see Myocarditis
- peripheral arterial occlusive disease → see Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
- Peripheral artery disease (PAD) Angiology
- peripheral neuropathy → see Diabetic polyneuropathy
- peritoneal effusion → see Ascites
- pernicious anemia → see Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
- PFO → see Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale
- pheo → see Pheochromocytoma
- pheochromocytoma → see Secondary hypertension
- Pheochromocytoma Endocrinology & diabetes
- Philadelphia chromosome → see Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
- phlebothrombosis → see Deep vein thrombosis
- PHPT → see Primary hyperparathyroidism
- pigeon breeder's lung → see Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- pituitary adenoma → see Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma
- pituitary apoplexy → see Hypopituitarism
- pituitary insufficiency → see Hypopituitarism
- PJP → see Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
- PKD → see Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
- PLA2R-associated nephropathy → see Membranous nephropathy
- plasma cell myeloma → see Multiple myeloma
- plasmodium infection → see Malaria
- Pleural effusion Pulmonology
- Pleural empyema Pulmonology
- pleural fluid → see Pleural effusion
- pleural infection → see Pleural empyema
- pleural mesothelioma → see Asbestosis and pleural mesothelioma
- pleural plaques → see Asbestosis and pleural mesothelioma
- PMR → see Polymyalgia rheumatica
- pNET → see Insulinoma
- pneumococcal meningitis → see Bacterial meningitis
- pneumococcal pneumonia → see Community-acquired pneumonia
- pneumoconiosis → see Silicosis
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia → see Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
- Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) Infectious diseases
- pneumocystosis → see Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
- Pneumothorax Pulmonology
- PNH clone → see Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- podagra → see Gout
- poisoning → see Toxidromes (recognizing poisoning)
- pollen allergy → see Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- pollen food allergy syndrome → see Food allergy
- pollinosis → see Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
- Polyarteritis nodosa Rheumatology & immunology
- polycystic kidney disease → see Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
- polycystic kidneys → see Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
- polycythemia rubra vera → see Polycythemia vera
- Polycythemia vera Haematology & oncology
- Polymyalgia rheumatica Rheumatology & immunology
- polymyositis → see Dermatomyositis and polymyositis
- polyposis coli → see Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- Pontiac fever → see Legionnaires' disease
- poor circulation in the legs → see Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
- portal hypertension → see Esophageal varices and portal hypertension
- portosystemic encephalopathy → see Hepatic encephalopathy
- post-cardiac injury syndrome → see Dressler syndrome (post-myocardial infarction syndrome)
- post-COVID condition → see COVID-19
- post-infarction VSD → see Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction
- post-MI complications → see Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction
- post-MI pericarditis → see Dressler syndrome (post-myocardial infarction syndrome)
- post-MI syndrome → see Dressler syndrome (post-myocardial infarction syndrome)
- post-myocardial infarction syndrome → see Dressler syndrome (post-myocardial infarction syndrome)
- post-thrombotic syndrome → see Chronic venous insufficiency
- postinfectious arthritis → see Reactive arthritis
- postinfectious glomerulonephritis → see Nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis
- postmenopausal osteoporosis → see Osteoporosis
- postoperative delirium → see Delirium
- postoperative hypoparathyroidism → see Hypoparathyroidism
- poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis → see Nephritic syndrome and glomerulonephritis
- potassium deficiency → see Hypokalemia
- PR3-ANCA → see Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
- pre-excitation syndrome → see Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- prediabetes → see Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- preleukemia → see Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
- primary aldosteronism → see Secondary hypertension
- Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) Endocrinology & diabetes
- Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) Liver & biliary tract
- primary biliary cirrhosis → see Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
- Primary hyperparathyroidism Endocrinology & diabetes
- primary hypertension → see Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)
- primary liver cancer → see Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Primary myelofibrosis Haematology & oncology
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) Liver & biliary tract
- primary thrombocythemia → see Essential thrombocythemia
- progressive systemic sclerosis → see Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
- prolactinoma → see Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma
- prolonged fast → see Hypoglycemia
- prolonged QT interval → see Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes
- protein-losing kidney disease → see Nephrotic syndrome
- prothrombin mutation → see Inherited thrombophilia (factor V Leiden)
- proximal RTA → see Renal tubular acidosis
- PsA → see Psoriatic arthritis
- PSC → see Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
- pseudoaneurysm → see Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction
- pseudogout → see CPPD disease (pseudogout, chondrocalcinosis)
- pseudohyperkalaemia → see Hyperkalemia
- pseudohypoparathyroidism → see Hypoparathyroidism
- pseudomembranous colitis → see Clostridioides difficile infection
- Psoriatic arthritis Rheumatology & immunology
- psoriatic arthropathy → see Psoriatic arthritis
- PSVT → see AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- PTX → see Pneumothorax
- PUD → see Peptic ulcer disease
- pulmonary abscess → see Lung abscess
- pulmonary arterial hypertension → see Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary embolism Angiology
- pulmonary fibrosis → see Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease
- pulmonary gangrene → see Lung abscess
- Pulmonary hypertension Cardiology
- pulmonary-renal syndrome → see Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
- pulmonary-renal syndrome → see Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM disease)
- pulmonary-renal syndrome → see Microscopic polyangiitis
- pulmonary sarcoidosis → see Sarcoidosis
- pulmonary thromboembolism → see Pulmonary embolism
- pulmonary tuberculosis → see Tuberculosis
- pulseless disease → see Takayasu arteritis
- PUO → see Fever of unknown origin
- purulent meningitis → see Bacterial meningitis
- pus in the chest → see Pleural empyema
- Puumala virus → see Hantavirus infection (nephropathia epidemica)
- pyarthrosis → see Septic arthritis
- pyelonephritis → see Acute pyelonephritis
- pyrexia of unknown origin → see Fever of unknown origin
Q
- quartz dust lung → see Silicosis
- Quincke's oedema → see Angiedema (bradykinin- and histamine-mediated)
R
- racing heart → see Atrial flutter
- racing heart → see Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
- racing heart → see AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- raised cholesterol → see Hypercholesterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia
- raised prolactin → see Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma
- Ramsay Hunt syndrome → see Herpes zoster (shingles)
- Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) Nephrology
- RAS → see Renal artery stenosis
- Raynaud's disease → see Raynaud's phenomenon
- Raynaud's phenomenon Angiology
- Raynaud syndrome → see Raynaud's phenomenon
- RBBB → see Bundle branch block (left and right)
- Reactive arthritis Rheumatology & immunology
- reactive gastropathy → see Gastritis (type A, B and C)
- rectal bleeding → see Lower gastrointestinal bleeding
- rectal cancer → see Colorectal cancer
- red cell destruction → see Hemolytic anemias
- red meat allergy → see Alpha-gal syndrome
- refeeding hypophosphataemia → see Refeeding syndrome
- Refeeding syndrome Electrolytes & acid–base
- reflux oesophagitis → see Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- regional enteritis → see Crohn's disease
- Reiter's disease → see Reactive arthritis
- Reiter syndrome → see Reactive arthritis
- Renal anemia Haematology & oncology
- renal artery occlusion → see Renal artery stenosis
- renal artery stenosis → see Secondary hypertension
- Renal artery stenosis Nephrology
- renal calculi → see Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)
- renal colic → see Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)
- renal hyperparathyroidism → see Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- renal infarction → see Renal artery stenosis
- renal osteodystrophy → see Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Renal tubular acidosis Nephrology
- renovascular hypertension → see Secondary hypertension
- renovascular hypertension → see Renal artery stenosis
- rhabdo → see Rhabdomyolysis
- Rhabdomyolysis Electrolytes & acid–base
- rheumatic carditis → see Rheumatic fever
- Rheumatic fever Cardiology
- rheumatic heart disease → see Rheumatic fever
- rheumatic mitral stenosis → see Mitral stenosis
- rheumatic muscle pain → see Polymyalgia rheumatica
- rheumatism → see Rheumatoid arthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology & immunology
- rheumatoid factor → see Rheumatoid arthritis
- rickets → see Osteomalacia and vitamin D deficiency
- right bundle branch block → see Bundle branch block (left and right)
- right heart failure → see Heart failure
- Romano-Ward syndrome → see Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes
- rotavirus → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- RPGN → see Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
- RTA → see Renal tubular acidosis
S
- S. aureus bloodstream infection → see Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
- SAB → see Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
- saddle nose → see Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
- salmonellosis → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- salt-wasting tubulopathy → see Bartter and Gitelman syndromes
- sarcoid → see Sarcoidosis
- Sarcoidosis Pulmonology
- SARS-CoV-2 → see COVID-19
- sawtooth ECG → see Atrial flutter
- SBO → see Bowel obstruction (ileus)
- SBP → see Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)
- scarring of the liver → see Liver cirrhosis
- SCD → see Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death
- Schwartz-Bartter syndrome → see SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)
- SCLC → see Lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma)
- scleroderma → see Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
- sclerosing cholangitis → see Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
- SCN5A → see Brugada syndrome
- seasonal influenza → see Influenza (flu)
- secondary high blood pressure → see Secondary hypertension
- Secondary hyperparathyroidism Endocrinology & diabetes
- Secondary hypertension Cardiology
- Sepsis-3 → see Sepsis and septic shock
- Sepsis and septic shock Infectious diseases
- Septic arthritis Rheumatology & immunology
- septic shock → see Shock (types of shock)
- septicemia → see Sepsis and septic shock
- serum hepatitis → see Hepatitis B
- serum sickness → see Drug allergy
- severe allergic reaction → see Anaphylaxis
- severe aplastic anaemia → see Aplastic anemia
- severe dengue → see Dengue fever
- severe overweight → see Obesity
- Sharp syndrome → see Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome)
- Sheehan syndrome → see Hypopituitarism
- shingles → see Herpes zoster (shingles)
- shock lung → see Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Shock (types of shock) Critical care & emergency medicine
- shoulder girdle pain → see Polymyalgia rheumatica
- SHPT → see Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- SIAD → see SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion)
- SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion) Electrolytes & acid–base
- sicca syndrome → see Sjögren's syndrome
- Sick sinus syndrome Cardiology
- sickle cell anaemia → see Sickle cell disease
- sickle cell anemia → see Sickle cell disease
- Sickle cell disease Haematology & oncology
- sickle cell trait → see Sickle cell disease
- sideropenic anaemia → see Iron deficiency anemia
- sigmoid diverticulitis → see Diverticular disease and diverticulitis
- signet ring cell carcinoma → see Gastric cancer
- silica lung disease → see Silicosis
- Silicosis Pulmonology
- sinoatrial block → see Sick sinus syndrome
- sinus arrest → see Sick sinus syndrome
- sinus node dysfunction → see Sick sinus syndrome
- Sipple syndrome → see Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 1 and MEN 2)
- Sjögren disease → see Sjögren's syndrome
- Sjögren's syndrome Rheumatology & immunology
- Sjogren syndrome → see Sjögren's syndrome
- SJS → see Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
- SJS/TEN overlap → see Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
- SLE nephritis → see Lupus nephritis
- sleep apnea → see Obstructive sleep apnea
- sliding hernia → see Hiatus hernia
- SLL → see Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- slow heart rate → see Sick sinus syndrome
- small bowel obstruction → see Bowel obstruction (ileus)
- small cell lung cancer → see Lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma)
- small-duct PSC → see Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
- small lymphocytic lymphoma → see Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
- smoker's cough → see COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- smoker's lung → see COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- smoker's vasculitis → see Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
- smoldering myeloma → see Multiple myeloma
- somatotroph adenoma → see Acromegaly
- spastic colon → see Irritable bowel syndrome
- spherocytic anaemia → see Hereditary spherocytosis
- spherocytosis → see Hereditary spherocytosis
- spider veins → see Varicose veins
- spinal infection → see Spondylodiscitis
- spondylitis → see Spondylodiscitis
- Spondylodiscitis Infectious diseases
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) Liver & biliary tract
- spontaneous oesophageal perforation → see Boerhaave and Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- spontaneous pneumothorax → see Pneumothorax
- SSc → see Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
- SSS → see Sick sinus syndrome
- stable angina → see Chronic coronary syndrome (stable coronary artery disease)
- staphylococcal bacteremia → see Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
- Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia Infectious diseases
- Steatotic liver disease (fatty liver, MASLD) Liver & biliary tract
- STEC-HUS → see Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- STEMI → see Acute coronary syndrome (heart attack, STEMI/NSTEMI)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis Allergology
- sticky blood syndrome → see Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Still disease → see Adult-onset Still's disease
- Stokes-Adams attack → see Atrioventricular block
- stomach bug → see Helicobacter pylori infection
- stomach bug → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- stomach cancer → see Gastric cancer
- stomach flu → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- stomach ulcer → see Peptic ulcer disease
- stonemason's lung → see Silicosis
- stress cardiomyopathy → see Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- subacute bacterial endocarditis → see Infective endocarditis
- subacute combined degeneration → see Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
- subacute granulomatous thyroiditis → see Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain)
- Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain) Endocrinology & diabetes
- subclinical hyperthyroidism → see Hyperthyroidism
- subclinical hypothyroidism → see Hypothyroidism
- sudden cardiac arrest → see Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death
- sudden cardiac death → see Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death
- sudden unexplained nocturnal death → see Brugada syndrome
- sugar diabetes → see Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- superior vena cava obstruction → see Superior vena cava syndrome
- Superior vena cava syndrome Haematology & oncology
- sustained VT → see Ventricular tachycardia
- SVC obstruction → see Superior vena cava syndrome
- SVC syndrome → see Superior vena cava syndrome
- SVCS → see Superior vena cava syndrome
- SVT → see AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
- swallowing disorder → see Achalasia
- swollen arm after breast cancer → see Lymphedema
- swollen lips → see Angiedema (bradykinin- and histamine-mediated)
- Sydenham chorea → see Rheumatic fever
- Syncope Cardiology
- syndrome X → see Metabolic syndrome
- synpharyngitic hematuria → see IgA nephropathy
- systemic JIA → see Adult-onset Still's disease
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Rheumatology & immunology
- Systemic mastocytosis Allergology
- Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) Rheumatology & immunology
T
- T-ALL → see Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- T1D → see Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- T2D → see Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- tachy-brady syndrome → see Sick sinus syndrome
- Takayasu arteritis Rheumatology & immunology
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Cardiology
- takotsubo syndrome → see Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- TAO → see Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
- TdP → see Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes
- tear in the aorta → see Aortic dissection
- temporal arteritis → see Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
- TEN → see Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
- tension pneumothorax → see Pneumothorax
- terminal ileitis → see Crohn's disease
- tertiary hyperparathyroidism → see Secondary hyperparathyroidism
- tetany → see Hypocalcemia
- thalassaemia trait → see Thalassemia
- Thalassemia Haematology & oncology
- thickened heart muscle → see Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- third-degree heart block → see Atrioventricular block
- thoracic empyema → see Pleural empyema
- Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) Angiology
- thrombotic microangiopathy → see Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) Haematology & oncology
- Thyroid cancer Endocrinology & diabetes
- thyroid carcinoma → see Thyroid cancer
- thyroid crisis → see Thyroid storm
- thyroid enlargement → see Goiter and thyroid nodules
- thyroid eye disease → see Graves' disease
- thyroid inflammation → see Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- thyroid inflammation → see Subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain)
- thyroid lump → see Goiter and thyroid nodules
- Thyroid storm Endocrinology & diabetes
- thyrotoxic crisis → see Thyroid storm
- thyrotoxicosis → see Hyperthyroidism
- tick bite meat allergy → see Alpha-gal syndrome
- tick-borne Lyme disease → see Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)
- TLS → see Tumor lysis syndrome
- too many platelets → see Essential thrombocythemia
- too many red blood cells → see Polycythemia vera
- tophus → see Gout
- torsades → see Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes
- toxic hepatitis → see Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)
- toxic nodular goiter → see Hyperthyroidism
- toxic syndrome → see Toxidromes (recognizing poisoning)
- Toxidromes (recognizing poisoning) Critical care & emergency medicine
- TPO antibodies → see Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- TRAb → see Graves' disease
- transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy → see Cardiac amyloidosis
- transudate → see Pleural effusion
- traveller's diarrhoea → see Infectious gastroenteritis and travelers' diarrhea
- travellers hepatitis → see Hepatitis A
- triple A → see Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Tuberculosis Pulmonology
- tubular adenoma → see Colorectal adenomas (polyps)
- Tumor lysis syndrome Haematology & oncology
- tumour lysis syndrome → see Tumor lysis syndrome
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus Endocrinology & diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus Endocrinology & diabetes
- type 4 RTA → see Renal tubular acidosis
- type B gastritis → see Helicobacter pylori infection
- typical atrial flutter → see Atrial flutter
U
- UGIB → see Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- UGT1A1 → see Gilbert's syndrome
- UIP → see Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease
- Ulcerative colitis Gastroenterology
- ulcerative proctitis → see Ulcerative colitis
- underactive parathyroid → see Hypoparathyroidism
- underactive pituitary → see Hypopituitarism
- underactive thyroid → see Hypothyroidism
- unstable angina → see Acute coronary syndrome (heart attack, STEMI/NSTEMI)
- Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Gastroenterology
- upper GI bleed → see Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- upper urinary tract infection → see Acute pyelonephritis
- Upshaw-Schulman syndrome → see Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- upside-down stomach → see Hiatus hernia
- uremia → see Chronic kidney disease
- ureteral stone → see Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)
- uric acid → see Gout
- urinary stones → see Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)
- Urinary tract infection and cystitis Nephrology
- urine infection → see Urinary tract infection and cystitis
- urolithiasis → see Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)
- urosepsis → see Acute pyelonephritis
- Urticaria (hives) Allergology
- urticaria pigmentosa → see Systemic mastocytosis
- UTI → see Urinary tract infection and cystitis
- Uveitis in rheumatic diseases Rheumatology & immunology
V
- V-fib → see Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death
- V-tach → see Ventricular tachycardia
- VAP → see Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP/VAP)
- Vaquez disease → see Polycythemia vera
- variceal bleeding → see Esophageal varices and portal hypertension
- varicella-zoster virus → see Herpes zoster (shingles)
- varices → see Varicose veins
- varices in the gullet → see Esophageal varices and portal hypertension
- Varicose veins Angiology
- varicosis → see Varicose veins
- vasopressin deficiency → see Diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin deficiency)
- vasospasm of the fingers → see Raynaud's phenomenon
- vasovagal syncope → see Syncope
- venom allergy → see Insect venom allergy
- venous insufficiency → see Chronic venous insufficiency
- venous stasis → see Chronic venous insufficiency
- venous thrombosis → see Deep vein thrombosis
- ventilator-associated pneumonia → see Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP/VAP)
- ventricular aneurysm → see Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction
- Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death Cardiology
- ventricular septal rupture → see Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction
- Ventricular tachycardia Cardiology
- vertebral compression fracture → see Osteoporosis
- vertebral osteomyelitis → see Spondylodiscitis
- very high blood pressure → see Hypertensive emergency and hypertensive crisis
- villous adenoma → see Colorectal adenomas (polyps)
- viral myocarditis → see Myocarditis
- Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia Haematology & oncology
- vitamin B9 deficiency → see Folate deficiency
- vitamin D deficiency → see Osteomalacia and vitamin D deficiency
- vivax malaria → see Malaria
- volume depletion → see Dehydration
- volvulus → see Bowel obstruction (ileus)
- vomiting blood → see Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
- Von Willebrand disease Haematology & oncology
- von Willebrand factor deficiency → see Von Willebrand disease
- von Willebrand syndrome → see Von Willebrand disease
- VWD → see Von Willebrand disease
W
- Waldenström disease → see Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- Waldenström macroglobulinemia Haematology & oncology
- warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia → see Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
- wasp sting allergy → see Insect venom allergy
- water deficit → see Hypernatremia
- water intoxication → see Hyponatremia
- water loss → see Dehydration
- water on the lung → see Pleural effusion
- watery diarrhoea → see Microscopic colitis
- Wegener granulomatosis → see Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
- Wenckebach block → see Atrioventricular block
- Werlhof disease → see Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
- Wermer syndrome → see Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 1 and MEN 2)
- wheals → see Urticaria (hives)
- wheezing → see Asthma
- Whipple's triad → see Hypoglycemia
- Whipple's triad → see Insulinoma
- white coat hypertension → see Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)
- white finger → see Raynaud's phenomenon
- wide complex tachycardia → see Ventricular tachycardia
- widened bronchi → see Bronchiectasis
- Wilson disease → see Wilson's disease
- Wilson's disease Liver & biliary tract
- Winiwarter-Buerger disease → see Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Cardiology
- WPW → see Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Z
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome → see Neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome
- zoster → see Herpes zoster (shingles)